An analytical device for on-site immunoassay.: Demonstration of its applicability in semiquantitative detection of aflatoxin B1 in a batch of samples with ultrahigh sensitivity

A simple analytical device has been developed for performing noninstrumental immunofiltration-based assay on a batch of samples. The device consists of membrane strips, with antibody-immobilized zones, attached to a polyethylene card. A moist filter paper placed between the membrane and the polyethylene card acts as the absorbent body. The device was used to estimate very low concentrations of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) present in food samples by using an improved catalyzed reporter deposition (Super-CARD) method of signal amplification involving biotinylated tyramine (B-T) and avidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. 4-Chloro-1-naphthol was used as the substrate for visualization. Semiquantitative results are obtained by visual comparison of the color intensity (inversely related to the analyte concentration) of a sample spot with those of reference standards. Quantitative estimation is possible by densitometric analysis (detection limit 0.25 pg/spot, 0.01 ng mL(-1)). Dilute samples can be assayed by in situ concentration with improved dose-response characteristics. A batch of 12 extracted samples can be analyzed in a single test card within 12 min. Spiked and contaminated samples of groundnut, corn, wheat, cheese, and chilli were analyzed without sample cleanup. The matrix interferences were eliminated by using appropriate dilution of the aqueous methanol extracts. Mean recoveries from different food samples were between 91 and 104%. The values obtained for infected corn and groundnut samples correlated well (R-2 = 0.99) with the estimates by HPLC. The method is well-suited for visual screening of agricultural and food samples for AFB(1) under field conditions.