Dynamic 3D visualization of articulated construction equipment

Dynamic three-dimensional (3D) animation can be of significant value in improving the verification validation, and communication of discrete-event simulation (DES) models of construction operations, which in turn can make the models more credible and thus useful in operations planning and decision making. This paper presents research that led to the design and implementation of practical 3D animation methods to visualize multiply-articulated construction equipment in 3D animations of simulated construction operations. Using principles of forward and inverse kinematics, the writers designed and implemented generic virtual pieces of articulated construction equipment that accept task-level instructions from external software processes. DES models can configure and instantiate specific pieces of such equipment and instruct them to perform construction tasks using simple parametric text statements that embody a construction work-like terminology. Once instructed to perform specific tasks (e.g., load soil), these "smart" pieces of equipment (e.g., backhoes) automatically decipher the sequence and amplitudes of the elemental motions their components (e.g., boom, stick) must undergo to accomplish those tasks. The animation methods are implemented in a software tool called KineMach that integrates as an add-on with the VITASCOPE visualization system.