Evaluation of the limiting acuity of coincidence detection in nucleus laminaris of the chicken

The localization of sounds requires the detection of very brief inter-aural time differences (ITDs). In birds, ITDs are first encoded in neurons of the nucleus laminaris (NL) through the precise coincidence of binaural synaptic inputs. We examined the effects of temperature on acuity of coincidence detection in chick NL, by utilizing whole-cell and cell-attached recording techniques in brain slices while applying electrical stimuli bilaterally to axonal projections from the nucleus magnocellularis to NL. The precision of coincidence detection was measured as a time window, corresponding to the time interval that gave the half-maximum spiking probability. Acuity improved with the elevation of recording temperature, and at 40degreesC, the avian body temperature, the time window was 0.38 ms. Although all synaptic events were briefer at higher temperature, the duration of EPSPs were equivalent to or faster than that of EPSCs at 40degreesC. Activation of low-threshold K+ currents by a slight membrane depolarization during an EPSP was responsible for this EPSP acceleration. EPSPs were prolonged following inhibition of low-threshold K+ currents by dendrotoxin (40 nM) or hyperpolarization-activated cation currents by Cs+ (3 mm). The EPSP time course had a strong positive correlation with the sharpness of coincidence detection. The limiting value of the time window (0.16 ms), calculated from the estimated EPSP time course, was narrow enough to explain the acuity of ITD detection at NL in vivo.