Timing of gene expression and oolemma localization of mouse α6 and β1 integrin subunits during oogenesis

The sperm antigen fertilin alpha/beta and the integrin complex alpha(6)beta(1) present on the oolemma are two of the most promising candidates to mediate gamete interaction. During growth, the plasma membrane of both hamster and mouse zona-free oocytes acquires the capacity to fuse with acrosome-reacted sperm when oocytes reach the size of 25-30 mu m in diameter, suggesting changes in the membrane molecular composition. The present study has two aims: to determine the timing of (1) gene expression of alpha(6) and beta(1) integrins and (2) localization of these integrin subunits on the plasma membrane in primordial germ cells and in oocytes during oogenesis. We found that both alpha(6) and beta(1) genes are expressed in female germ cells during all the stages of development analyzed, from 10.5 to 18.5 d.p.c., during oocyte growth, and in ovulated eggs. The alternatively spliced isoform alpha(6)beta is expressed from 10.5 d.p.c., whereas alpha(6)A begins to be expressed at 12.5 d.p.c., suggesting a different role for the two variants, in situ immunodetection of alpha(6) or beta(1) shows a ring of fluorescence on the female germ cell plasma membrane for both integrins at 10.5 d.p.c., then the fluorescent signal becomes undetectable at 12.5 d.p.c. to reappear again, this time with a patchy distribution, at 18.5 d.p.c. This pattern of localization is maintained in oocytes isolated from newborn individuals and only when oocytes during growth reach the size of about 25-30 mu m in diameter does the fluorescence become homogenous all around the whole oocyte surface. These data, although not conclusive, support the hypothesis of an involvement of alpha(6) and beta(1) integrins in sperm-egg fusion. (C) 1998 Academic Press.