EELS characterization of radiolytic products in frozen samples

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to obtain information about the radiation chemistry of frozen aqueous specimens in the electron microscope by observing the hydrogen and oxygen K-edges. Measurements on frozen solutions of 30% hydrogen peroxide revealed the presence of molecular oxygen identified by a distinct 531-eV peak at the O K-edge even for electron doses below 100 e/nm(2). The molecular oxygen content of irradiated H2O2 solution was determined by least squares fitting of O K-edge reference spectra from water and gas-phase oxygen. It was found that the fraction of molecular oxygen to water oxygen was in the range 0.03-0.05. EELS from pure frozen water showed no features attributable to molecular oxygen or molecular hydrogen (K edge at similar to 13 eV) even at high electron doses above 10(5) e/nm(2). Spectra from frozen sucrose and protein solutions and their mixtures, however, did show evolution of a molecular hydrogen peak at similar to 13 eV for doses above 10(5) e/nm(2), consistent with previous measurements and indicative of hydrogen bubble formation. Molecular oxygen was not observed in any of the frozen solutions of organic compounds indicating that oxygen is not a major product of free radical decay, in contrast to molecular hydrogen formation. Published by Elsevier Ltd.