Local Emergence and Global Diffusion of Research Technologies: An Exploration of Patterns of Network Formation

被引:63
作者
Leydesdorff, Loet [1 ]
Rafols, Ismael [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam Sch Commun Res ASCoR, NL-1012 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
[2] Univ Sussex, SPRU Sci & Technol Policy Res, Brighton BN1 9QE, E Sussex, England
来源
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY | 2011年 / 62卷 / 05期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY-GOVERNMENT; TRIPLE-HELIX; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; INNOVATION; DIVERSITY; SCIENCE; TRAJECTORIES; COLLABORATION; PARADIGMS;
D O I
10.1002/asi.21509
中图分类号
TP [自动化技术、计算机技术];
学科分类号
0812 ;
摘要
Grasping the fruits of "emerging technologies" is an objective of many government priority programs in a knowledge-based and globalizing economy. We use the publication records (in the Science Citation Index) of two emerging technologies to study the mechanisms of diffusion in the case of two innovation trajectories: small interference RNA(siRNA) and nanocrystalline solar cells (NCSC). Methods for analyzing and visualizing geographical and cognitive diffusion are specified as indicators of different dynamics. Geographical diffusion is illustrated with overlays to Google Maps; cognitive diffusion is mapped using an overlay to a map based on the ISI subject categories. The evolving geographical networks show both preferential attachment and small-world characteristics. The strength of preferential attachment decreases over time while the network evolves into an oligopolistic control structure with small-world characteristics. The transition from disciplinary-oriented ("Mode 1") to transfer-oriented ("Mode 2") research is suggested as the crucial difference in explaining the different rates of diffusion between siRNA and NCSC.
引用
收藏
页码:846 / 860
页数:15
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