A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems

被引：4516

作者：

Halpern, Benjamin S. ^{[1
]}

Walbridge, Shaun ^{[1
]}

Selkoe, Kimberly A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Kappel, Carrie V. ^{[1
]}

Micheli, Fiorenza ^{[3
]}

D'Agrosa, Caterina ^{[4
]}

Bruno, John F. ^{[5
]}

Casey, Kenneth S. ^{[6
]}

Ebert, Colin ^{[1
]}

Fox, Helen E. ^{[7
]}

Fujita, Rod ^{[8
]}

Heinemann, Dennis ^{[9
]}

Lenihan, Hunter S. ^{[10
]}

Madin, Elizabeth M. P. ^{[11
]}

Perry, Matthew T. ^{[1
]}

Selig, Elizabeth R. ^{[6
,12
]}

Spalding, Mark ^{[13
]}

Steneck, Robert ^{[14
]}

Watson, Reg ^{[15
]}

机构：

[1] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA

[2] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA

[3] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA

[4] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA

[5] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

[6] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA

[7] World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA

[8] Environm Def, Oakland, CA 94618 USA

[9] Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC 20006 USA

[10] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[11] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[12] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

[13] Nature Conservancy, Conservat Strategies Div, Newmarket CB8 8AW, Suffolk, England

[14] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04353 USA

[15] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

来源：

SCIENCE | 2008年 / 319卷 / 5865期

关键词：

D O I：

10.1126/science.1149345

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The management and conservation of the world's oceans require synthesis of spatial data on the distribution and intensity of human activities and the overlap of their impacts on marine ecosystems. We developed an ecosystem- specific, multiscale spatial model to synthesize 17 global data sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems. Our analysis indicates that no area is unaffected by human influence and that a large fraction ( 41%) is strongly affected by multiple drivers. However, large areas of relatively little human impact remain, particularly near the poles. The analytical process and resulting maps provide flexible tools for regional and global efforts to allocate conservation resources; to implement ecosystem- based management; and to inform marine spatial planning, education, and basic research.

引用

页码：948 / 952

页数：5

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