Factors causing sex differences in birds

被引：12

作者：

Arnold, Arthur P. ^{[1
]}

Itoh, Yuichiro ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Integrat Biol & Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

来源：

AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH | 2011年 / 4卷 / 02期

关键词：

sex difference; sex determination; Z chromosome; W chromosome; gonads; CHICKEN Z-CHROMOSOME; DOSAGE COMPENSATION; ZEBRA FINCH; GENE-EXPRESSION; TESTICULAR TISSUE; DIFFERENTIATION; BRAIN; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; DIMORPHISM;

D O I：

10.3184/175815511X13070045977959

中图分类号：

S8 [畜牧、动物医学、狩猎、蚕、蜂];

学科分类号：

0905 ;

摘要：

In recent years, increasing evidence suggests that sex differences in the phenotype of all tissues are influenced by the inequality of effects of sex chromosome genes in the two sexes. In birds, genes on the Z chromosome are not well dosage compensated, so that most Z genes are expressed higher in ZZ male cells than in ZW female cells. The sex difference in expression of Z and W genes is likely to cause sex differences within cells, in addition to the sex differences caused by different levels of testicular and ovarian hormones. The sexual imbalance in cell physiology has implications for aviculture and novel developments in the poultry industry.

引用

页码：44 / 51

页数：8

共 53 条

[1] Neural, not gonadal, origin of brain sex differences in a gynandromorphic finch [J].

Agate, RJ ;

Grisham, W ;

Wade, J ;

Mann, S ;

Wingfield, J ;

Schanen, C ;

Palotie, A ;

Arnold, AP .

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2003, 100 (08) :4873-4878

[2]

Allen E., 1938, SEX INTERNAL SECRETI

[3] SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION OF BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR - THE ZEBRA FINCH IS NOT JUST A FLYING RAT [J].

ARNOLD, AP ;

SCHLINGER, BA .

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION, 1993, 42 (4-5) :231-241

[4]

Arnold AP, 1997, J NEUROBIOL, V33, P572, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(19971105)33:5<572::AID-NEU6>3.3.CO

[5]

2-6

[6] GONADAL-STEROID INDUCTION OF STRUCTURAL SEX-DIFFERENCES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM [J].

ARNOLD, AP ;

GORSKI, RA .

ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE, 1984, 7 :413-442

[7] Genetically triggered sexual differentiation of brain and behavior [J].

Arnold, AP .

HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR, 1996, 30 (04) :495-505

[8] A bird's-eye view of sex chromosome dosage compensation [J].

Arnold, Arthur P. ;

Itoh, Yuichiro ;

Melamed, Esther .

ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS, 2008, 9 :109-127

[9] The organizational-activational hypothesis as the foundation for a unified theory of sexual differentiation of all mammalian tissues [J].

Arnold, Arthur P. .

HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR, 2009, 55 (05) :570-578

[10] Mouse Models for Evaluating Sex Chromosome Effects that Cause Sex Differences in Non-Gonadal Tissues [J].

Arnold, Arthur P. .

JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, 2009, 21 (04) :377-386

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 →