Kinetics and thermodynamics across single-file pores: Solute permeability and rectified osmosis

We study the effects of solute-membrane interactions on osmotic transport through pores. By extending single-file, single-species kinetic models to include entrance of solute into membrane pores, we model the statistical mechanics of competitive transport of two species across membrane pores. The results have direct applications to water transport across biomembrane pores and particle movement in zeolites, and can be extended to study ion channel transport. Reflection coefficients, the reduction of osmotic fluxes measured using different solutes, are computed in terms of the microscopic kinetic parameters. We find that a reduction in solvent flow due to solute-pore interactions can be modeled by a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Osmosis experiments are discussed and proposed. Special cases and Onsager relations are presented in the Appendixes. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)50901-X].