The milky way's kiloparsec-scale wind: A hybrid cosmic-ray and thermally driven outflow

被引:242
作者
Everett, John E. [1 ,2 ]
Zweibel, Ellen G. [1 ,2 ]
Benjamin, Robert A. [3 ]
McCammon, Dan [2 ]
Rocks, Lindsay [2 ]
Gallagher, John S., III [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[2] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[3] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA
关键词
cosmic rays; Galaxy : evolution; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : magnetic fields; X-rays : diffuse background; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; GALACTIC WINDS; ALFVEN WAVES; GAMMA-RAYS; ANISOTROPY; TURBULENCE; MODELS; ACCELERATION; PROPAGATION; INSTABILITY;
D O I
10.1086/524766
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We apply a wind model, driven by combined cosmic-ray and thermal-gas pressure, to the Milky Way, and show that the observed Galactic diffuse soft X-ray emission can be better explained by a wind than by previous static gas models. We find that cosmic-ray pressure is essential to driving the observed wind. Having thus defined a "best-fit'' model for a Galactic wind, we explore variations in the base parameters and show how the wind's properties vary with changes in gas pressure, cosmic-ray pressure, and density. We demonstrate the importance of cosmic rays in launching winds, and the effect cosmic rays have on wind dynamics. In addition, this model adds support to the hypothesis of Breitschwerdt and collaborators that such a wind may help to explain the relatively small gradient observed in gamma-ray emission as a function of galactocentric radius.
引用
收藏
页码:258 / 270
页数:13
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