Biomimetic Approach to Perforation Repair Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Dentin Matrix Protein 1

Introduction: Dentin regeneration could be an ideal treatment option to restore tissue function. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) impregnated within a collagen scaffold to regenerate dentin. Methods: Simulated perforations were created in 18 dentin wafers made from freshly extracted human molars. Six groups were established. They were (1) empty wafers, (2) mineral trioxide aggregate, (3) collagen scaffold, (4) scaffold with DMP1, (5) scaffold with DPSCs, and (6) scaffold with DPSCs and DMP1. One sample was placed subcutaneously in each mouse with three mice in each group. After 12 weeks, the samples were subjected to radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations. Results: DPSCs impregnated within a collagen scaffold differentiated into odontoblast-like cells forming a highly cellular, vascular, and mineralized matrix in the presence of DMP1. Conclusions: A triad consisting of DPSCs, DMP1, and a collagen scaffold promotes dentin regeneration in a simulated perforation repair model. (J Endod 2011;37:1092-1097)