Imaging the brachial plexus

Imaging the brachial plexus is challenging because of the complex anatomy of the region and the wide variety of pathology that can affect it. Improvements in imaging technology, including multidetector CT for CT myelography and the availability of full-field-strength MRI systems with fast gradients and dedicated surface coils for optimal spatial resolution have led to more accurate prospective diagnoses and improved aid for neurosurgical planning for traumatic and nontraurnatic brachial plexopathies. CT myelography is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of nerve root avulsions affecting the brachial plexus. MRI is the preferred modality for nontraumatic brachial plexopathy. Other modalities, such as ultrasound and positron emission tomography, have a limited role in the evaluation of brachial plexus pathology at this time.