GEANT4-a simulation toolkit

被引:18504
作者
Agostinelli, S
Allison, J [1 ]
Amako, K
Apostolakis, J
Araujo, H
Arce, P
Asai, M
Axen, D
Banerjee, S
Barrand, G
Behner, F
Bellagamba, L
Boudreau, J
Broglia, L
Brunengo, A
Burkhardt, H
Chauvie, S
Chuma, J
Chytracek, R
Cooperman, G
Cosmo, G
Degtyarenko, P
Dell'Acqua, A
Depaola, G
Dietrich, D
Enami, R
Feliciello, A
Ferguson, C
Fesefeldt, H
Folger, G
Foppiano, F
Forti, A
Garelli, S
Giani, S
Giannitrapani, R
Gibin, D
Cadenas, JJG
González, I
Abril, GG
Greeniaus, G
Greiner, W
Grichine, V
Grossheim, A
Guatelli, S
Gumplinger, P
Hamatsu, R
Hashimoto, K
Hasui, H
Heikkinen, A
Howard, A
机构
[1] European Org Nucl Res CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
[2] ESA, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands
[3] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA
[4] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
[5] CERN, ATLAS Collaborat, Geneva, Switzerland
[6] CERN, CMS Collaborat, Geneva, Switzerland
[7] CERN, HARP Collaborat, Geneva, Switzerland
[8] CERN, LHCb Collaborat, Geneva, Switzerland
[9] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
[10] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada
[11] CERN, ALICE Collaborat, Geneva, Switzerland
[12] Univ Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England
[13] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England
[14] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
[15] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
[16] Kfki, Budapest, Hungary
[17] Univ Calabria, Calabria, Italy
[18] Univ Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
[19] Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
[20] Univ Fukui, Fukui 910, Japan
[21] IST Natl Inst Canc Res Genova, Genoa, Italy
[22] INFN, Genoa, Italy
[23] Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy
[24] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, Frankfurt, Germany
[25] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland
[26] Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima, Japan
[27] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England
[28] IHEP, Protvino, Russia
[29] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA
[30] Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo 657, Japan
[31] IN2P3, LAL, Orsay, France
[32] IN2P3, LAPP, Annecy, France
[33] IN2P3, LLR, Palaiseau, France
[34] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
[35] Lyon Univ, Lyon, France
[36] Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester, Lancs, England
[37] MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
[38] INFN, Milan, Italy
[39] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[40] Naruto Univ Educ, Naruto, Japan
[41] Niigata Univ, Niigata 95021, Japan
[42] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[43] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk, Russia
[44] Osaka Inst Technol, Osaka 535, Japan
[45] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy
[46] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
[47] UCSC, SCIPP, Santa Cruz, CA USA
[48] Ritsumeikan Univ, Kyoto, Japan
[49] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England
[50] TIFR, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
关键词
simulation; particle interactions; geometrical modelling; software engineering; object-oriented technology; distributed software development;
D O I
10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8
中图分类号
TH7 [仪器、仪表];
学科分类号
0804 ; 080401 ; 081102 ;
摘要
GEANT4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through matter. It includes a complete range of functionality including tracking, geometry, physics models and hits. The physics processes offered cover a comprehensive range, including electromagnetic, hadronic and optical processes, a large set of long-lived particles, materials and elements, over a wide energy range starting, in some cases, from 250 eV and extending in others to the TeV energy range. It has been designed and constructed to expose the physics models utilised, to handle complex geometries, and to enable its easy adaptation for optimal use in different sets of applications. The toolkit is the result of a worldwide collaboration of physicists and software engineers. It has been created exploiting software engineering and object-oriented technology and implemented in the C++ programming language. It has been used in applications in particle physics, nuclear physics, accelerator design, space engineering and medical physics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:250 / 303
页数:54
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