Validated Automatic Segmentation of AMD Pathology Including Drusen and Geographic Atrophy in SD-OCT Images

PURPOSE. To automatically segment retinal spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and various levels of image quality to advance the study of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)+drusen complex (RPEDC) volume changes indicative of AMD progression. METHODS. A general segmentation framework based on graph theory and dynamic programming was used to segment three retinal boundaries in SD-OCT images of eyes with drusen and geographic atrophy (GA). A validation study for eyes with nonneovascular AMD was conducted, forming subgroups based on scan quality and presence of GA. To test for accuracy, the layer thickness results from two certified graders were compared against automatic segmentation results for 220 B-scans across 20 patients. For reproducibility, automatic layer volumes were compared that were generated from 0 degrees versus 90 degrees scans in five volumes with drusen. RESULTS. The mean differences in the measured thicknesses of the total retina and RPEDC layers were 4.2 +/- 2.8 and 3.2 +/- 2.6 mu m for automatic versus manual segmentation. When the 0 degrees and 90 degrees datasets were compared, the mean differences in the calculated total retina and RPEDC volumes were 0.28% +/- 0.28% and 1.60% +/- 1.57%, respectively. The average segmentation time per image was 1.7 seconds automatically versus 3.5 minutes manually. CONCLUSIONS. The automatic algorithm accurately and reproducibly segmented three retinal boundaries in images containing drusen and GA. This automatic approach can reduce time and labor costs and yield objective measurements that potentially reveal quantitative RPE changes in longitudinal clinical AMD studies. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00734487.) (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:53-61) DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-7640