Efficacy and safety of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis

被引:65
作者
Coleman, Tim [1 ]
Chamberlain, Catherine [2 ]
Cooper, Sue [1 ]
Leonardi-Bee, Jo [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Queens Med Ctr, UK Ctr Tobacco Control Studies,Div Primary Care, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England
[2] Monash Med Ctr, Womens & Childrens Program, Ctr Collaborat 3, Clayton, Vic, Australia
[3] Univ Nottingham, City Hosp Nottingham, Div Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, UK Ctr Tobacco Control Studies, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England
基金
英国医学研究理事会; 英国经济与社会研究理事会;
关键词
Clinical trials; meta-analysis; nicotine replacement therapy; pregnancy; smoking cessation; systematic review; PATCHES; SMOKERS;
D O I
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03179.x
中图分类号
R194 [卫生标准、卫生检查、医药管理];
学科分类号
100404 [儿少卫生与妇幼保健学];
摘要
Aims To determine the efficacy and safety of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with or without behavioural support when used to support smoking cessation in pregnancy. Design, Setting and Participants A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which NRT was used with or without behavioural support to promote smoking cessation; trials providing unequal behavioural support to different trial groups were excluded. Measurements Efficacy: self-reported smoking cessation in later pregnancy, validated where possible by biochemical measures with appropriate cut-points; infants' safety: mean and low birth weights (LBW), preterm birth, fetal demise and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions. Findings Five trials, enrolling 695 pregnant, regular smokers were included in the review. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence Interval (CI) for smoking cessation in later pregnancy after using NRT was 1.63 (0.85, 3.14). Subgroup analysis comparing studies at lower risk of bias (placebo-RCTs) with those at higher risk of bias (non-placebo-RCTs) found that efficacy estimates varied with trial design [RR (95% CI) for cessation in placebo-RCTs 1.17 (0.83, 1.65) versus 7.81 (1.51, 40.35) for non-placebo-RCTs]. Five of the seven safety outcomes were more positive among infants born to women who had used NRT, but none of the observed differences between trial groups reached statistical significance. Conclusions There is currently insufficient evidence to determine whether or not nicotine replacement therapy is effective or safe when used in pregnancy for smoking cessation; further research and, in particular, placebo-randomized controlled trials are required.
引用
收藏
页码:52 / 61
页数:10
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