Dual watermark for image tamper detection and recovery

An effective dual watermark scheme for image tamper detection and recovery is proposed in this paper. In our algorithm, each block in the image contains watermark of other two blocks. That is to say, there are two copies of watermark for each non-overlapping block in the image. Therefore, we maintain two copies of watermark of the whole image and provide second chance for block recovery in case one copy is destroyed. A secret key, which is transmitted along with the watermarked image, and a public chaotic mixing algorithm are used to extract the watermark For tamper recovery. By using our algorithm, a 90% tampered image can be recovered to a dim yet still recognizable condition (PSNR approximate to 20dB). Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm is superior to the compared techniques, especially when the tampered area is large. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.