Spatial distribution of soil contamination by Toxoplasma gondii in relation to cat defecation behaviour in an urban area

被引:74
作者
Afonso, Eve [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Lemoine, Melissa [1 ]
Poulle, Marie-Lazarine [2 ,3 ]
Ravat, Marie-Caroline [1 ]
Romand, Stephane [4 ]
Thulliez, Philippe [4 ]
Villena, Isabelle [3 ]
Aubert, Dominique [3 ]
Rabilloud, Muriel [1 ]
Riche, Benjamin [1 ]
Gilot-Fromont, Emmanuelle [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
[2] 2C2A CERFE, F-08240 Bout Aux Bois, France
[3] Univ Reims, Ctr Natl Reference Toxoplasmose, IFR 53, Lab Parasitol Mycol,EA3800, F-51100 Reims, France
[4] Inst Puericulture & Perinatal, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France
关键词
Toxoplasma gondii; soil; oocysts; PCR; cat defecation behaviour; spatial heterogeneity;
D O I
10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.01.004
中图分类号
R38 [医学寄生虫学]; Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ; 100103 ;
摘要
In urban areas, there may be a high local risk of zoonosis due to high densities of stray cat populations. In this study, soil contamination by oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii was searched for, and its spatial distribution was analysed in relation to defecation behaviour of cats living in a high-density population present in one area of Lyon (France). Sixteen defecation sites were first identified. Cats were then repeatedly fed with marked food and the marked faeces were searched for in the defecation sites. Of 260 markers, 72 were recovered from 24 different cats. Defecation sites were frequented by up to 15 individuals. Soil samples were also examined in order to detect the presence of T. gondii using real-time PCR. The entire study area was then sampled according to cat density and vegetation cover type. Only three of 55 samples were positive and all came from defecation sites. In a second series of observations, 16 defecation sites were sampled. Eight of 62 samples tested positive, originating in five defecation sites. Laboratory experiments using experimental seeding of soil showed that the inoculated dose that can be detected in 50% of assays equals 100-1000 oocysts/g, depending on the strain. This study shows that high concentrations of oocysts can be detected in soil samples using molecular methods and suggests that spatial distribution of contamination areas is highly heterogeneous. Positive samples were only found in some of the defecation sites, signifying that at-risk points for human and animal infection may be very localised. (c) 2008 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1017 / 1023
页数:7
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