Sachs-Wolfe effect: Gauge independence and a general expression

被引：18

作者：

Hwang, JC ^{[1
]}

Noh, H

机构：

[1] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Atmospher Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea

[2] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany

[3] Korea Astron Observ, Yusung Gu, Daejon, South Korea

[4] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW D | 1999年 / 59卷 / 06期

关键词：

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevD.59.067302

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We address two points concerning the Sachs-Wolfe effect: (i) the gauge independence of the observable temperature anisotropy and (ii) a gauge-invariant expression of the effect considering the most general situation of hydrodynamic perturbations. The first result follows because the gauge transformation of the temperature fluctuation at the observation event only contributes to the isotropic temperature change which, in practice, is absorbed into the definition of the background temperature. Thus, we proceed without fixing the gauge condition, and express the Sachs-Wolfe effect using the gauge-invariant variables. [S0556-2821(99)07104-0].

引用

页数：4

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