Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus cellulitis associated with bacteremia in debilitated hosts

Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus rarely causes cellulitis associated with bacteremia in debilitated hosts. We have identified this infection in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in one with liver cirrhosis. All three patients had eaten raw beef, liver, or improperly cooked pork before the manifestations of the illness. C. fetus subspecies fetus was recovered from blood and feces from the three patients. This organism was also isolated from a subcutaneous aspirate of the cellulitis lesion in one patient. DNA macrorestriction endonuclease profiles analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis differed for the isolates from the three patients but were identical for the blood and fecal isolates or the aspirate and fecal isolates from each patient. These findings suggest that cellulitis associated with bacteremia arises from ingestion of C. fetus subspecies fetus organisms and that clinicians and microbiologists should be aware of this infection in debilitated hosts.