The value of serial Doppler ultrasound as a predictor of clinical outcome and the need for transplantation in fulminant and severe acute liver failure

The aim of this study was to document the changes in Doppler ultrasound variables of the hepatic artery and portal vein in fulminant and severe acute liver failure, and to assess their prognostic significance. 18 adult patients with fulminant and severe acute liver failure underwent serial Doppler sonography, in the early stages after presentation. 12 hourly measurements of hepatic artery resistance index (HARI), spleen length, portal vein cross-sectional area, time average velocity (TAV) and flow volume were performed. Mean HARI (p=0.03) and mean maximum HARI (p=0.03) were significantly higher in those who fulfilled criteria for liver transplantation. Increased portal vein flow was demonstrated, although the difference between the groups was not significant. A significant increase in portal vein cross-sectional area (p<0.02) and spleen length (p<0.02) was demonstrated. In summary, an increase in portal blood flow to the damaged liver has been demonstrated. The mean HARI is significantly higher in patients who fulfil transplant criteria and may possibly be used as an indicator of poorer prognosis and the need for liver transplantation in acute severe and fulminant liver failure.