Mapping opportunities and challenges for rewilding in Europe

被引:97
作者
Ceausu, Silvia [1 ,2 ]
Hofmann, Max [1 ,2 ]
Navarro, Laetitia M. [1 ,2 ]
Carver, Steve [3 ]
Verburg, Peter H. [4 ]
Pereira, Henrique M. [1 ,2 ,5 ]
机构
[1] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
[2] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06108 Halle, Saale, Germany
[3] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Wildland Res Inst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England
[4] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies IVM, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
[5] CIBIO InBIO, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal
关键词
biodiversity policy; conservation management; farmland abandonment; land-use change; Natura; 2000; rewilding; wilderness; abandono de tierras agricolas; cambio en el uso de suelo; manejo de la conservacion; naturaleza; politicas de biodiversidad; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; HUMAN APPROPRIATION; FARMLAND BIRDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND; POLICY; ABANDONMENT; IMPACTS; LANDSCAPES;
D O I
10.1111/cobi.12533
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Farmland abandonment takes place across the world due to socio-economic and ecological drivers. In Europe agricultural and environmental policies aim to prevent abandonment and halt ecological succession. Ecological rewilding has been recently proposed as an alternative strategy. We developed a framework to assess opportunities for rewilding across different dimensions of wilderness in Europe. We mapped artificial light, human accessibility based on transport infrastructure, proportion of harvested primary productivity (i.e., ecosystem productivity appropriated by humans through agriculture or forestry), and deviation from potential natural vegetation in areas projected to be abandoned by 2040. At the continental level, the levels of artificial light were low and the deviation from potential natural vegetation was high in areas of abandonment. The relative importance of wilderness metrics differed regionally and was strongly connected to local environmental and socio-economic contexts. Large areas of projected abandonment were often located in or around Natura 2000 sites. Based on these results, we argue that management should be tailored to restore the aspects of wilderness that are lacking in each region. There are many remaining challenges regarding biodiversity in Europe, but megafauna species are already recovering. To further potentiate large-scale rewilding, Natura 2000 management would need to incorporate rewilding approaches. Our framework can be applied to assessing rewilding opportunities and challenges in other world regions, and our results could guide redirection of subsidies to manage social-ecological systems. Mapeo de Oportunidades y Retos para el Retorno de la Vida Silvestre El abandono de tierras agricolas ocurre en todo el mundo debido a factores socio-economicos y ecologicos. En Europa, las politicas ambientales y agricolas tienen el objetivo de prevenir el abandono y frenar la sucesion ecologica. La reintroduccion o el retorno de la vida silvestre (rewilding) representa una estrategia alternativa a esto. Desarrollamos un marco de trabajo para evaluar las oportunidades de reintroduccion en diferentes dimensiones de naturaleza a lo largo de Europa. Mapeamos la luz artificial, la accesibilidad para humanos con base en la infraestructura de transporte, la proporcion de productividad primaria (es decir, la productividad del ecosistema incautado por los humanos por medio de la agricultura o la silvicultura) y la divergencia de vegetacion natural potencial en areas que se proyecta estaran abandonadas para el 2040. A nivel continental, los niveles de luz artificial fueron bajos y la divergencia de vegetacion natural potencial fue alta en las areas de abandono. La importancia relativa de las medidas de naturaleza difirio regionalmente y estuvieron conectadas fuertemente a los contextos ambientales y socio-economicos locales. Las grandes areas de abandono proyectado estuvieron localizadas frecuentemente en o alrededor de sitios Natura 2000. Con base en estos resultados, argumentamos que el manejo deberia ser fabricado para restaurar los aspectos de la naturaleza que son carentes en cada region. Todavia quedan muchos obstaculos con respecto a la biodiversidad en Europa, pero las especies de megafauna ya se estan recuperando. Para potenciar aun mas la reintroduccion a gran escala, el manejo de Natura 2000 necesitaria incorporar estrategias de reintroduccion. Nuestro marco de trabajo puede aplicarse a la evaluacion de las oportunidades de reintroduccion y a los obstaculos en otras regiones del mundo, y nuestros resultados pueden guiar la redireccion de los subsidios para manejar los sistemas socio-ecologicos. Resumen
引用
收藏
页码:1017 / 1027
页数:11
相关论文
共 94 条
[1]  
Alcamo J, 2005, ECOSYSTEMS HUMAN WEL, V2, P297
[2]   Movements and habitat use of feral house cats Felis catus, stoats Mustela erminea and ferrets Mustela furo, in grassland surrounding Yellow-eyed penguin Megadyptes antipodes breeding areas in spring [J].
Alterio, N ;
Moller, H ;
Ratz, H .
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION, 1998, 83 (02) :187-194
[3]  
[Anonymous], 2005, TRENDS AUSTR AGR
[4]  
[Anonymous], FISH WILDLIFE BENEFI
[5]  
[Anonymous], 2007, OLD FIELD DYNAMICS R
[6]  
[Anonymous], 2005, ECOSYSTEMS HUMAN WEL
[7]  
[Anonymous], 2004, HIGH NAT VAL FARML C
[8]  
Avery D, 2006, BIOFUELS FOOD WILDLI
[9]   Green payments and the US Farm Bill: information and policy challenges [J].
Batie, Sandra S. .
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, 2009, 7 (07) :380-388
[10]   Potential effects of artificial light associated with anthropogenic infrastructure on the abundance and foraging behaviour of estuary-associated fishes [J].
Becker, Alistair ;
Whitfield, Alan K. ;
Cowley, Paul D. ;
Jarnegren, Johanna ;
Naesje, Tor F. .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, 2013, 50 (01) :43-50