Long-term effects of neonatal maternal deprivation and ACTH on hippocampal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors

In the brain, corticosteroids bind to two types of receptors, the classical glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). The effects of different manipulations taking place during early ontogeny on GR and MR binding properties were examined in the adult hippocampus. Infant rats at postnatal day (pnd) 3 were deprived of maternal contact for 24 h and injected with saline or ACTH(1-24) at the end of the deprivation period. They were then returned to their dams and weaned on pnd 21. At pnd 48, they were sacrificed (24 h post adrenadectomy) and the hippocampal MR and GR measured using an in vitro cytosol binding assay. In the male rats, deprivation an deprivation + ACTH resulted in an reduction of GRs. MRs were also significantly down regulated in the deprived males. In the female rats, saline injections in deprived female rats resulted in increased GR capacity and ACTH injections led to a further up-regulation of the GRs. None of the early manipulations influenced the regulation of the MRs in females. The binding affinity for corticosteriod receptors was also altered by some of the early manipulations. These results in adult (7-week old) rats indicate that the receptor systems for corticosteroids in the brain are sensitive to brief manipulations occurring early in development. These changes in receptor capacity and/or affinity may affect corticosteroid-mediated processes in the adult rat.