Cardiovascular disease, vascular risk factors and the incidence of cataract and cataract surgery: The Blue Mountains Eye Study

PURPOSE To assess whether an association exists between cardiovascular disease, vascular risk factors and incident cataract and cataract surgery. METHODS The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 participants greater than or equal to49 years of age during 1992-4, then 2335 survivors (75.1 %) after five years. Trained interviewers administered a vascular history questionnaire; height, weight and blood pressure were measured. Lens photographs from both examinations were graded for presence of cortical, nuclear or posterior subcapsular cataract. RESULTS Obesity (body mass index greater than or equal to30 kg/m(2)) was significantly associated with increased incidence of both cortical [odds ratio (OR) 1.6, 95% confidence interval (0) 1.2-2.2] and posterior subcapsular cataract (OR 2.1, CI 1.2-3-7). Hypertensive participants using medication and aged less than 65 years at baseline had a higher incidence of posterior subcapsular cataract (OR 3.4, 95% Cl 1.3-8-4) than normotensive subjects. A history of angina was associated with higher cataract surgery incidence (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.5). CONCLUSIONS These longitudinal data provide some evidence supporting a relationship between cardiovascular disease, vascular risk factors and incident cataract and cataract surgery. The findings confirm a number of associations previously documented in cross-sectional data.