Quantitative model of small molecules uptake after in vitro cell electropermeabilization

Electropermeabilization of the cell membrane is a phenomenon caused by exposure of the cell to electric pulses. Permeabilization depends on pulse duration, pulse amplitude, the number of pulses delivered, and also on other experimental conditions. With these parameters properly chosen, the process of permeabilization is reversible and cells return to their normal physiological state. This article describes the development of a model of diffusion-driven transmembrane transport of small molecules caused by electropermeabilization. The process of permeabilization is divided into a short permeabilizing phase that takes place during the pulse, and a longer resealing phase that begins after the end of the pulse. Because both phases of permeabilization are important for uptake of molecules into cells, most of the effort is focused on the optimization of parameters that influence the flow between intracellular and extracellular space. The model describes well the transmembrane transport caused by electropermeabilization, allowing to study the uptake of molecules as a function of elapsed time, voltage and pulse duration. In addition, our results show that the shapes of the curves of cell permeabilization and survival as functions of pulse amplitude can to a large extent be explained by cell size distribution. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.