Murine gamma/delta-expressing T cells affect alloengraftment via the recognition of nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class Ib antigens

T cells with antidonor specificities have been isolated from human recipients experiencing graft rejection after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Partial T-cell depletion of unrelated BM grafts with an anti-T-cell receptor (TCR) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) directed against the TCR alpha/beta heterodimer have shown that the incidence of graft-versus-host disease is low and that the incidence of durable engraftment is high. These studies suggest either that the number of residual TCR alpha/beta(+) cells was sufficient to permit alloengraftment or that the preservation of cells other than TCR alpha/beta(+) cells was beneficial for engraftment. With respect to the latter, one such candidate cell is the TCR gamma/delta(+) T cell. Because no studies have specifically examined whether TCR gamma/delta(+) cells might be capable of eliminating BM-derived hematopoietic cells, we established a new graft rejection model system in which transgenic (Tg) H-2(d) mice (termed G8), known to express gamma/delta heterodimers on a high proportion of peripheral T cells, were used as BMT recipients. These Tg TCR gamma/delta(+) cells respond vigorously to target cells that express the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib region gene products encoded in H-2T region of H-2T(b+) strains. G8 Tg mice were used as recipients for C57BL/6 (B6: H-2(b); H-2T(b)) T-cell-depleted (TCD) donor BM. We show that G8 Tg (H-2(d), H-2T(d)) mice are potent mediators of B6 BM graft rejection and that the rejection process was inhibited by anti-TCR gamma/delta MoAbs. in contrast, BM from a B6 congenic strain that expresses the H-2T(a) allele, B6.A-Tla(B)/BoyEg, was readily accepted. suggesting that H-2T antigens on repopulating donor BM cells are the targets of host graft rejecting T cells that express the TCR gamma/delta heterodimer. PB chimerism studies were performed at greater than or equal to 1.5 months post-BMT using TCD BM from severe combined immunodeficient allogeneic donors, which is highly susceptible to rejection by the host. The addition of donor G8 TCR gamma/delta(+) cells to TCD donor BM was shown to significantly increase alloengraftment in B6 recipients. These results show that (1) host TCR gamma/delta(+) cells can reject repopulating donor cells, presumably by responding to nonclassical MHC class Ib gene products expressed on BM-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells; and (2) donor TCR gamma/delta(+) cells can facilitate the alloengraftment of rigorously TCD donor BM. (C) 1996 by The American Society of Hematology.