Stimulant medications

Objective: To review the short- and long-term safety and efficacy of stimulants for the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: A Medline search was conducted for both randomized controlled trials and reviews to determine the efficacy and safety of stimulant drugs for treating children with ADHD. Information was obtained on adverse events associated with their use, including their impact on height and weight gain during childhood. Animal data were reviewed for information on tolerance, sensitization, and the impact of high-dose stimulant effects on neurons and on the development of hepatic tumors. Human data on dopamine transporter occupancy by stimulants were also included. Results: Stimulant treatment studies show robust short-term efficacy and a good safety profile. Longerterm studies are few in number but have produced no conclusive evidence that careful therapeutic use of these medications is harmful. Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that stimulants show efficacy and safety in studies lasting up to 24 months.