Effect of ultrasonic treatment on highly hydrophilic TiO2 surfaces

Glass surfaces coated with polycrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were found to exhibit a 0 degrees water contact angle when the surfaces were illuminated with UV light in the air. This highly hydrophilic surface was maintained for more than 1 week in the dark in air. However, ultrasonic treatment in pure water decreased the degree of surface hydrophilicity, yielding a contact angle of approximately 11 degrees. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements indicated that hydroxyl groups and molecular mater adsorption, which govern the surface wettability, were partially removed from the surface by the ultrasonic treatment. The effect of ultrasonic treatment was ascribed to the generation of OH radicals that reoxidized the photoreduced surface, accompanied by the removal of sm face-adsorbed water. This has been confirmed by adding acrylamide, a typical OH radical scavenger, to pure water to effectively suppress the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic reconversion on the TiO2 surface.