Advanced vascular interventional techniques in the management of trauma

This article discusses different embolization techniques in the management of patients who have suffered vascular trauma. The authors separate embolization of "non-vital" traumatized vessels and "vital" vessels. The embolization technique in the latter has proven to be more difficult because occlusion of these embolization vessels could jeopardize distal arterial supply and potentially cause peripheral tissue infarction. The authors discuss treatment of injuries, such as (a) arterial transection with active bleeding, (b) arterial transection with the development of pseudoaneurysm, and (c) arterial and venous injury with the development of arteriovenous fistula. Techniques and methods of embolization are included.