Worldwide genomic diversity of the high-risk human papillomavirus types 31, 35, 52, and 58, four close relatives of human papillomavirus type 16

被引:79
作者
Calleja-Macias, IE
Villa, LL
Prado, JC
Kalantari, M
Allan, B
Williamson, AL
Chung, LP
Collins, RJ
Zuna, RE
Dunn, ST
Chu, TY
Cubie, HA
Cuschieri, K
von Knebel-Doeberitz, M
Martins, CR
Sanchez, GI
Bosch, FX
Munoz, N
Bernard, HU [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
[2] Ludwig Inst Canc Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil
[3] Univ Cape Town, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, Fac Hlth Sci, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa
[4] Univ Cape Town, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa
[5] Queen Mary Hosp, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[6] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[7] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
[8] Budish Tzu Chi Gen Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Hualien, Taiwan
[9] Royal Infirm Edinburgh NHS Trust, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
[10] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Mol Pathol, Heidelberg, Germany
[11] Univ Brasilia, Dept Biol Celular, Inst Biol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
[12] Inst Catala Oncol, IDIBELL, HPV Lab, Barcelona, Spain
[13] Univ Antioquia, Grp Infect & Canc, Medellin, Colombia
[14] Inst Catala Oncol, IDIBELL, Epidemiol & canc Registrat Unit, Barcelona, Spain
[15] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France
关键词
D O I
10.1128/JVI.79.21.13630-13640.2005
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Among the more than one hundred formally described human papillomavirus (HPV) types, 18 are referred to as high-risk HPV types due to their association with anogenital cancer. Despite pathogenic similarities, these types form three remotely related taxonomic groups. One of these groups is called HPV species 9 and is formed by HPV-16, the most common and best-studied type, together with HPV-31, -33, -35, -52, -58, and -67. Previous worldwide comparisons of HPV-16 samples showed about 2% nucleotide diversity between isolates, which were subsequently termed variants. The distribution of divergent variants has been found to correlate frequently with the geographic origin and the ethnicity of the infected patients and led to the concept of unique African, European, Asian, and Native American HPV-16 variants. In the current study, we address the question of whether geography and ethnicity also correlate with sequence variations found for HPV-31, -35, -52, and -58. This was done by sequencing the long control region in samples derived from Europe, Asia, and Africa, and from immigrant populations in North and South America. We observed maximal divergence between any two variants within each of these four HPV types ranging from 1.8 to 3.6% based on nucleotide exchanges and, occasionally, on insertions and deletions. Similar to the case with HPV-16, these mutations are not random but indicate a relationship between the variants in form of phylogenetic trees. An interesting example is presented by a 16-bp insert in select variants of HPV-35, which appears to have given rise to additional variants by nucleotide exchanges within the insert. All trees showed distinct phylogenetic topologies, ranging from dichotomic branching in the case of HPV-31 to star phylogenies of the other three types. No clear similarities between these types or between these types and HPV-16 exist. While variant branches in some types were specific for Europe, Africa, or East Asia, none of the four trees reflected human evolution and spread to the extent illustrated by HPV-16. One possible explanation is that the rare HPV types that we studied spread and thereby diversified more slowly than the more abundant HPV-16 and may have established much of today's variant diversity already before the worldwide spread of humans 100,000 years ago. Most variants had prototypic amino acid sequences within the E6 oncoprotein and a segment of the L1 capsid protein. Some had one, two, or three amino acid substitutions in these regions, which might indicate biological and pathogenic diversity between the variants of each HPV type.
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页码:13630 / 13640
页数:11
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