Fast multipole method for scattering from an arbitrary PEC target above or buried in a lossy half space

The fast multipole method (FMM),vas originally developed for perfect electric conductors (PECs) in free space, through exploitation of spectral properties of the free-space Green's function. In the work reported here, the FMM is modified, for scattering from an arbitrary three-dimensional (3-D) PEC target above or buried in a lossy half space. The "near" terms in the FMM are handled via the original method-of-moments (MoM) analysis, wherein the half-space Green's function is evaluated efficiently and rigorously through application of the method of complex images. The "far" FMM interactions, which employ a clustering of expansion and testing functions, utilize an approximation to the Green's function dyadic via real image sources and far-field reflection dyadics, The half-space FMM algorithm is validated through comparison with results computed via a rigorous MoM analysis, Further, a detailed comparison is performed on the memory and computational requirements of the MoM and FMM algorithms for a target in the vicinity of a half-space interface.