Recurrent issues and recent advances in scoring performance assessments

A conceptual framework is provided to guide the development of scoring procedures for performance assessments. Within this framework are four questions: (1) what aspects of the performance are to be scored, (2) what criteria are to be applied to evaluate the identified aspects or components of the performance, (3) how should the scoring criteria be developed, and (4) how should these criteria be applied? The historical limitations of performance assessments are reviewed and recent efforts to avoid those limitations are discussed in the context of these questions.