Qualitative test and force optimization of 3-D frictional form-closure grasps using linear programming

This paper formalizes qualitative test of three-dimensional (3-D) frictional form-closure grasps of n robotic fingers as a problem of linear programming (LP), It is well-known that a sufficient and necessary condition for form-closure grasps is that the origin of the wrench space lies inside the convex hull of primitive contact wrenches. We demonstrate that the problem of querying whether the origin lies inside the convex hull is equivalent to a ray-shooting problem, which is dual to a LP problem based on the duality between convex hulls and convex polytopes, Furthermore, this paper addresses a problem of minimizing the L-1 norm of the grasp forces balancing an external wrench, which can be also transformed to a ray-shooting problem. We have implemented the algorithms and confirmed their real-time efficiency for qualitative test and grasp force optimization.