The influence of organic nitrogen mineralization on the management of agricultural systems in the UK

被引:47
作者
Shepherd, MA
Stockdale, EA
Powlson, DS
Jarvis, SC
机构
[1] ADAS Gleadthorpe, Mansfield, Notts
[2] IACR, Harpenden, Herts
[3] Inst. of Grass. and Environ. Res., North Wyke, Devon
关键词
nitrogen; mineralization; soil organic matter; nitrogen fertilizers; requirements; crop management; CX;
D O I
10.1111/j.1475-2743.1996.tb00963.x
中图分类号
S15 [土壤学];
学科分类号
0903 ; 090301 ;
摘要
The understanding of nitrogen mineralization is central to providing good advice to ensure that nitrogen (N), from whatever source, is utilized by crops as efficiently as possible to minimize pollution. We have reviewed how mineralization is accounted for in current advice. It is clear that there is at least a qualitative understanding of the effects of soil and crop management on N mineralization and N supply, which has enabled the development of Codes of Good Agricultural Practice and fertilizer recommendations systems, based on sound scientific principles. However, to refine advice there is a need for a better quantitative understanding. Although soil organic matter (SOM) is a major source of N for crops, we are unable adequately to predict fertilizer requirement as affected by mineralization of SOM. Nitrogen returns From crop residues can vary considerably between fields; the provision of better field specific advice is restricted by our inability accurately to quantify this variability. The qualitative controls on the amount and timing of N release from ploughed grass are known, but better quantification of mineralization/immobilization over both the short- and long-term and better understanding of the relationship with sward age, inputs and management are essential. Much N can also be released from pasture and lost to the environment, especially where long-term leys have been grazed and there is a need to quantify the changing balance of mineralization and immobilization with the age of sward and N input. Whilst the overall principle of cultivation affecting mineralization is well known and appreciated, little is known about the mechanisms and quantification is only possible for a comparison of such extremes as ploughing and direct drilling.
引用
收藏
页码:76 / 85
页数:10
相关论文
共 57 条
[1]   RELATING THE NITROGEN-FERTILIZER NEEDS OF WINTER-WHEAT CROPS TO THE SOILS MINERAL NITROGEN - INFLUENCE OF THE DOWNWARD MOVEMENT OF NITRATE DURING WINTER AND SPRING [J].
ADDISCOTT, TM ;
DARBY, RJ .
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, 1991, 117 :241-249
[2]  
BAKER K, 1991, MILK GRASS, P1
[3]   EFFECT OF TILLAGE ON SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON MINERALIZATION ESTIMATED FROM C-13 ABUNDANCE IN MAIZE FIELDS [J].
BALESDENT, J ;
MARIOTTI, A ;
BOISGONTIER, D .
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, 1990, 41 (04) :587-596
[4]   ASSESSING RISK ASSOCIATED WITH N-FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE ABSENCE OF SOIL TESTS [J].
BARRETO, HJ ;
BELL, MA .
FERTILIZER RESEARCH, 1995, 40 (03) :175-183
[5]   THE LONG-TERM SOIL FERTILITY EXPERIMENTS IN SOUTHERN SWEDEN .3. SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN DYNAMICS [J].
BJARNASON, S .
ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA, 1989, 39 (04) :361-371
[6]   MINERALIZATION OF MANURE NITROGEN - CORRELATION WITH LABORATORY INDEXES [J].
CASTELLANOS, JZ ;
PRATT, PF .
SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 1981, 45 (02) :354-357
[7]  
Catt J.A., 1992, ASPECTS APPL BIOL, V30, P255
[8]  
Christian D. G., 1992, Aspects of Applied Biology, P291
[9]   Factors affecting nitrate leaching from a calcareous loam in East Anglia [J].
Davies, DB ;
Garwood, TWD ;
Rochford, ADH .
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, 1996, 126 :75-86
[10]   AN EVALUATION OF NITROGEN MINERALIZATION INDEXES FOR ORGANIC RESIDUES [J].
DOUGLAS, BF ;
MAGDOFF, FR .
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, 1991, 20 (02) :368-372