Risk factor implications of incidentally discovered uncomplicated bundle branch block

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of a community-based patient population with Incidentally discovered asymptomtic and uncomplicated bundle branch block (BBB). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study was undertaken of patients In Olmsted County, Minnesota, who were evaluated between 1975 and 1999 and were Incidentally diagnosed as having BBB. We performed Kaplan-Meier analyses of all-cause mortality and development of first cardiac morbidity after the diagnosis of BBB, along with matched control group comparisons. RESULTS: A total of 723 patients with left BBB (LBBB) (58.1%) and right BBB (41.9%) met criteria. Mortality was higher In patients with BBB compared with controls (absolute difference of approximately 10% over 20 years; hazard ratio = 1.27; confidence Interval, 1.02-1.58; P = .03) as was the development of first cardiac-related morbidity (hazard ratio = 1.32; confidence Interval, 1.14-1.54; P < .001). Patients with BBB and without the risk factors of diabetes, hypertension, and/or hypercholesterolemia showed Increased long-term mortality compared with matched controls (no BBB) also without risk factors (P = .02). However, comparable mortality was shown between patients with BBB who did not have these risk factors and matched control patients who had these risk factors. The risk of developing cardiac-related morbidity also was Increased In the presence of BBB, particularly LBBB. CONCLUSIONS: Uncomplicated asymptomatic BBB (notably LBBB) with normal left ventricular ejection fraction Is not benign. Our findings Indicate that the presence of Isolated BBB denotes a high-risk patient subgroup that has a compromised long-term outcome comparable to patients with conventional cardiovascular risk factors.