Clean and hydroxylated rutile TiO2(110) surfaces studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The nature of the chemical bond between the native oxide of Ti metal and various adsorbing species is essential to the understanding of the biocompatibility of Ti implants. We report here photoemission measurements of the Ti 2p shake-up satellite structure from clean and hydroxylated rutile TiO2(110) surfaces which show that the satellite position is a sensitive probe of surface bonding. This effect can be explained in terms of a surface specific relaxation of the photo-induced corehole. O 1s core levels are also presented and discussed in the framework of the atomic structures of these surfaces.