Gonadectomy and high dietary fat but not high dietary carbohydrate induce gains in body weight and fat of domestic cats

A high concentration of dietary carbohydrate is suggested to increase the risk of obesity and diabetes mellitus in domestic cats. To evaluate this, food intake, body weight, fat mass and circulating adiposity-related factors were determined in twenty-four sexually mature (9- 12 months) cats assigned to four six-cat dietary groups balanced for body weight and sex. The effect of dietary fat in exchange for carbohydrate at 9, 25, 44 and 64 % of metabolisable energy (ME) in a purified diet of constant protein:ME ratio was studied 13 weeks before and 17 weeks after gonadectomy (GX). Body weight did not significantly change among the cats before GX except for an increase of 17 (SEM 5) % in cats given the highest-fat diet. Following GX, all groups gained body weight, and body fat mass was positively correlated (r 0.50; P<0.04) with dietary fat percentage. Post-GX weight gains were much greater for females (+39 (SEM 5) %) than males (+ 10 (SEM 4) %). Plasma ghrelin concentration negatively Correlated (P<0-02) with dietary fat percentage and, before GX, was greater (P<0.05) in females than males. Plasma insulin concentration increased with weight gain induced by high dietary fat. Plasma glucose, TAG and leptin concentrations were not affected by dietary fat percentage, GX or weight gain. These data provide evidence that in cats, high dietary fat, but not carbohydrate, induces weight gain and a congruent increase in insulin, while GX increases sensitivity to weight gain induced by dietary fat.