Quantum-to-classical crossover of quantum Hall effect

The voltage distribution is calculated in the quantum Hall regime when the Fermi level lies in the first excited Landau level. It is quite sensitive to the form of the system owing to the coexistence of bulk and edge states. Edge states sometimes modify the voltage distribution completely for square systems. With the increase in the system length, the region appears in the central part where the distribution is essentially the same as that in the case of the lowest Landau level. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.