Phylogeography of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus): how many populations and how many taxa?

被引:76
作者
Garcia-Rodriguez, AI
Bowen, BW
Domning, D
Mignucci-Giannoni, AA
Marmontel, M
Montoya-Ospina, RA
Morales-Vela, B
Rudin, M
Bonde, RK
McGuire, PM [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
[2] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00937 USA
[3] USGS, Biol Resources Div, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA
[4] Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA
[5] Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Washington, DC 20059 USA
[6] Projecto Mamiraua, BR-69470000 Tefe, AM, Brazil
[7] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
[8] El Colegio Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico
[9] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
[10] Univ Puerto Rico, Red Caribena Varamientos Caribbean Stranding Netw, San Juan, PR 00937 USA
关键词
conservation genetics; marine mammal; mitochondrial DNA; molecular systematics; zoogeography;
D O I
10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00430.x
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
To resolve the population genetic structure and phylogeography of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region sequences were compared among eight locations across the western Atlantic region. Fifteen haplotypes were identified among 86 individuals from Florida, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil. Despite the manatee's ability to move thousands of kilometres along continental margins, strong population separations between most locations were demonstrated with significant haplotype frequency shifts. These findings are consistent with tagging studies which indicate that stretches of open water and unsuitable coastal habitats constitute substantial barriers to gene flow and colonization. Low levels of genetic diversity within Florida and Brazilian samples might be explained by recent colonization into high latitudes or bottleneck effects. Three distinctive mtDNA lineages were observed in an intraspecific;phylogeny of T. manatus, corresponding approximately to: (i) Florida and the West Indies; (ii) the Gulf of Mexico to the Caribbean rivers of South America; and (iii) the northeast Atlantic coast of South America. These Lineages, which are not concordant with previous subspecies designations, are separated by sequence divergence estimates of d = 0.04-0.07, approximately the same level of divergence observed between T. manatus and the Amazonian manatee (T. inunguis, n = 16). Three individuals from Guyana, identified as T. manatus, had mtDNA haplotypes which are affiliated with the endemic Amazon form T. inunguis. The three primary T. manatus lineages and the T. inunguis lineage may represent relatively deep phylogeographic partitions which have been bridged recently due to changes in habitat availability (after the Wisconsin glacial period, 10 000 BP), natural colonization, and human-mediated transplantation.
引用
收藏
页码:1137 / 1149
页数:13
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