Surface deformation related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and mountain building of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau

被引:120
作者
Fu, Bihong [1 ]
Shi, Pilong [1 ]
Guo, Huadong [2 ]
Okuyama, Satoshi [3 ]
Ninomiya, Yoshiki [3 ]
Wright, Sarah [4 ]
机构
[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China
[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China
[3] Geol Survey Japan, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan
[4] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
M-s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake; Co-seismic oblique reverse faulting; Crustal shortening; Mountain building; Longmen Shan; Eastern Tibetan Plateau; AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE; WAVE ARRAY TOMOGRAPHY; GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES; 2-STATION ANALYSIS; SE TIBET; EROSION; SICHUAN; MARGIN; UPLIFT; FAULT;
D O I
10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.11.011
中图分类号
P [天文学、地球科学];
学科分类号
07 ;
摘要
The 12 May 2008 M-s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, was one of largest continental thrusting events worldwide. Based on interpretations of post-earthquake high-resolution remote sensing images and field surveys, we investigated the geometry, geomorphology, and kinematics of co-seismic surface ruptures, as well as seismic and geologic hazards along the Longmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt. Our results indicate that the Wenchuan earthquake occurred along the NE-SW-trending Yingxiu-Beichuan and Guanxian-Anxian faults in the Longmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt. The main surface rupture zones along the Yingxiu-Beichuan and Guanxian-Anxian fault zones are approximately 235 and 72 km in length, respectively. These sub-parallel ruptures may merge at depth. The Yingxiu-Donghekou surface rupture zone can be divided into four segments separated by discontinuities that appear as step-avers or bends in map view. Surface deformation is characterized by oblique reverse faulting with a maximum vertical displacement of approximately 10 m in areas around Beichuan County. Earthquake-related disasters (e.g., landslides) are linearly distributed along the surface rupture zones and associated river valleys. The Wenchuan earthquake provides new insights into the nature of mountain building within the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau. The total crustal shortening accommodated by this great earthquake was as much as 8.5 m, with a maximum vertical uplift of approximately 10 m. The present results suggest that ongoing mountain building of the Longmen Shan is driven mainly by crustal shortening and uplift related to repeated large seismic events such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Furthermore, rapid erosion within the Longmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt occurs along deep valleys and rupture zones following the occurrence of large-scale landslides triggered by earthquakes. Consequently, we suggest that crustal shortening related to repeated great seismic events, together with isostatic rebound induced by rapid erosion-related unloading, is a key component of the geodynamics that drive ongoing mountain building on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:805 / 824
页数:20
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