Submerged hydraulic jumps below abrupt expansions

In submerged flows below an expanding outlet, both symmetric and asymmetric flows are observed. The hydraulic conditions required to form a symmetric submerged jump are necessary for design purposes. In this study, the flow conditions are presented for the submerged flows at an abrupt-symmetrical expansion. Also, the hydraulic conditions for the formation of a symmetric submerged jump are clarified, and an expression is developed for the transition between symmetric and asymmetric flows. Further, an equation on the length of submerged jumps is derived.