Molecular Basis of the Anti-Inflammatory Property Exhibited by Cyclo-Pentano Phenanthrenol Isolated from Lippia nodiflora

The objective of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of the active molecule isolated from Lippia nodiflora and to understand its molecular dynamics in Vitro inflammation models. Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells were used as models to study mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine mRNA expression (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6) and intracellular protein levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (MAPK and NF-kappa B). The NO release levels, on treatment with the extract and molecule, were correlated with the underlying iNOS mRNA expression in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. RT-PCR for COX-2, MMP2 and MMP9 were also performed in the cell line. The rat basophilic leukemia cell line RBL-2H3 was used as an in Vitro model for PLA2 activity. Then, 20 mu g/ml of Lippia nodiflora crude methanol extract and 10 mu g/ml of the purified CPP were used for subsequent studies based on the IC50 values obtained in the proliferation assay. Results demonstrate that the isolated Cyclo-pentano phenanthrenol inhibits TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6 expression, NO release via iNOS suppression, prostaglandin biosynthesis via PLA2 and COX-2 inhibition and the activation of intracellular targets, MAPK and NF-kappa B. We conclude, cyclo-pentano phenanthrenol exerts its anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation and NF-kappa B translocation.