The genetic background of hypertensive, septic rats determines outcome improvement with antibiotic and G-CSF prophylaxis

Hypertension is proposed as a risk factor among others (high age, diabetes mellitus, and pre- and intraoperative bleeding) for adverse outcomes, such as severe infections, leading to sepsis and to multiple organ failure as the most deleterious complication. Hypertension was modeled with spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats and the infective complication by polymicrobial, peritoneal contamination, and infection (PCI). The concept of clinic modeling randomized trials was used to simulate clinical complexity, including a relevant antibiotic prophylaxis in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and clinical trial conditions. Outcome parameters were: survival, systemic cytokines (protein), and organ-specific cytokine levels (mRNA). With low complexity (no prophylaxis), 28% of the animals in the Wistar and 50% in the SHR group survived (P = 0.17). Tumor necrosis factor-a levels were lower in the liver of SHR vs. Wistar rats with PCI (P < 0.01). The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 was expressed on a higher level in SHR with PCI compared with Wistar rats (P < 0.01). With increased complexity (antibiotic and G-CSF prophylaxis) the survival rate was increased from 50% in Wistar rats to 89% in SHR (P < 0.01) and the mRNA expression of IL-6 was decreased in the kidney of SHR (P < 0.05). Survival rate was 44% in the DS rats vs. 67% of the Wistar rats (P = 0.18). The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-10 was reduced (P < 0.01) by pretreatment in the liver of DS rats with PCI. The hypertensive, genetically distinct SHR and DS rats express different patterns of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels after PCI. G-CSF and antibiotic prophylaxis increases only in SHR survival and decreases IL-6 mRNA expression in the kidney significantly.