Medium-pressure UV for oocyst inactivation

Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in finished drinking water by medium-pressure ultraviolet (UV) light was investigated at bench scale using a collimated beam apparatus and at demonstration scale using a UV reactor. Oocyst viability was assessed in vitro (using 4'.6-diamidino-2-phenylindole with propidium iodide and maximized in vitro excystation) and in vivo (using neonatal mouse infectivity assays). In vivo bench-scale studies showed > 4-log inactivation at UV dosages as low as 41 mJ cm(-2), although in vitro surrogate assays showed little or no inactivation at this or higher UV dosages. The in vitro assays, which indicate oocyst viability, grossly overestimated the UV dosages required to prevent oocyst infection in susceptible hosts. Results of demonstration studies, carried out under the Environmental Technology Verification program of the National Sanitation Foundation and the US Environmental Protection Agency, agreed with the bench-scale results and showed that a UV dosage as low as 19 mJ cm(-2) provided 3.9 mJ cm(-2) provided 3.9-log inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts.