Electromyographic activity during windsurfing on water

Electromyographic activity and the electrocardiogram were recorded during windsurfing on the water in six subjects (three females and three males). 'Beating' and 'reaching' (both with continuous pumping), 'running' and 'uphauling' were performed in light to moderate winds. The physiological signals were transmitted to a shore base by radio telemetry and recorded with synchronized video and audio information of movement. Heart rates were similar for the beating, reaching and running activities within the individuals, but varied between individuals (means of 145 to 173 beats min(-1)), due to performance conditions and related muscle activity levels. During beating and reaching, the trapezius, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis, biceps brachii and tibialis anterior were very active, with the gluteus maximus being particularly important in beating. Running involved less general muscle activity, though the role of the tibialis anterior increased. Differences in technique were identified between the subjects, notably in the order of muscle recruitment to participate in the activities.