Statistical properties of soil moisture images derived from Radarsat-1 SAR data

In this article, we report on the assessment of the spatial variability of soil moisture using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The imagery was acquired during five different periods over the Roseau River watershed in southern Manitoba, Canada. For validation purposes, ground measurements were carried out at 62 locations simultaneous with the satellite data acquisitions. The first step in this analysis was to assess the performance of the Integral Equation Model (IEM) in simulating backscatter coefficients for selected bare soils. In order to reduce the surface roughness effect on radar backscatter, a semi-empirical calibration technique was implemented. This calibrated model was then implemented in a simplex inversion routine in order to estimate and map soil moisture. Derived spatial patterns of near-surface moisture content were then examined using scale analyses. It has been confirmed that the variance of radar-based soil moisture images follows power law decay versus the observation scale. Also, more explicit analysis of the same soil moisture maps shows a ln-ln linear spatial scale with statistical moments. Concave shape dependency of the corresponding slopes with the moment order was observed during all radar acquisition periods. The latter indicates the presence of multifractal effects.