A new approach to reduce the number of animals used in experimental focal cerebral ischemia models

We describe a novel experimental set-up that allows biochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric recording of multiple parameters from a single rat brain. The whole brain was cut (coronal sectioning) in a volumetric manner, and 100 cryo-sections (10 mu m) were collected from the region of infarction. By use of a scalpel to dissect the cryosection, crude brain material was obtained from the cortical and basal ganglia areas of ischemic and non-ischemic hemispheres. Material from four 10 mu m thick sections of the same animal was pooled. About 30 mu g protein lysate was extracted per four sections with various lysis buffers; this sufficed for one biochemical or enzymatic test called "micro-Western-blots" or "micro-zymographies". Scraping brain material from cryosections allows the detection of up to 25 parameters from adjacent brain sections of one single rat brain. Different analysis are possible, we have chosen, e.g. to compare factors affecting the basal lamina of cerebral microvessels like the content of the metalloproteinases-2/-9, their tissue inhibitors, the plasminogen activators, collagen type IV, parameters to test the blood-brain barrier: hemoglobin and the protein of the perfusion solution BSA and the infarction volume. On the basis of these parameters it was possible to compare the interactions of the complex processes in the ischemic brain in the same animal in adjacent sections. Thus, this method increases the validity of data comparisons and reduces significantly the number of animals needed in various experimental settings. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.