Children's television viewing and cognitive outcomes - A longitudinal analysis of national data

被引:316
作者
Zimmerman, FJ
Christakis, DA
机构
[1] Univ Washington, Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA USA
[2] Univ Washington, Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Serv, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA USA
[3] Univ Washington, Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA
来源
ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE | 2005年 / 159卷 / 07期
关键词
D O I
10.1001/archpedi.159.7.619
中图分类号
R72 [儿科学];
学科分类号
100202 ;
摘要
Objective: To test the independent effects of television viewing in children before age 3 years and at ages 3 to 5 years on several measures of cognitive outcomes at ages 6 and 7 years. Design: Using data from a nationally representative data set, we regressed 4 measures of cognitive development at ages 6 and 7 years on television viewing before age 3 years and at ages 3 to 5 years, controlling for parental cognitive stimulation throughout early childhood, maternal education, and IQ. Results: Before age 3 years, the children in this study watched an average of 2.2 hours per day; at ages 3 to 5 years, the daily average was 3.3 hours. Adjusted for the covariates mentioned earlier, each hour of average daily television viewing before age 3 years was associated with deleterious effects on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test Reading Recognition Scale of 0.31 points (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.61 to -0.01 points), on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test Reading Comprehension Scale of 0.58 points (95% CI, -0.94 to -0.21 points), and on the Memory for Digit Span assessment from the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children of -0.10 points (95% CI, -0.20 to 0 points). For the Reading Recognition Scale score only, a beneficial effect of television at ages 3 to 5 years was identified, with each hour associated with a 0.51-point improvement in the score (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.85 points). Conclusions: There are modest adverse effects of television viewing before age 3 years on the subsequent cognitive development of children. These results suggest that greater adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines that children younger than 2 years not watch television is warranted.
引用
收藏
页码:619 / 625
页数:7
相关论文
共 41 条
[1]   Educational television is not an oxymoron [J].
Anderson, DR .
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, 1998, 557 :24-38
[2]   Early childhood television viewing and adolescent behavior: The recontact study - Introduction [J].
Anderson, DR ;
Huston, AC ;
Schmitt, KL ;
Linebarger, DL ;
Wright, JC .
MONOGRAPHS OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 2001, 66 (01) :1-+
[3]  
ANDERSON DR, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P1345, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00202.x
[4]  
Bar-on ME, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P423, DOI 10.1542/peds.107.2.423
[5]  
BEENTJES J, 1991, COMENIUS, V43, P290
[6]  
Borzekowski DLG, 1999, J BROADCAST ELECTRON, V43, P506
[7]  
BUTLER SG, 1996, BERKELEY J SOCIOL, V41, P1
[8]  
Caldwell B.M., 1984, Home observation for measurement of the environment: Administration manual
[9]  
CALDWELL BM, 1994, DEV FOLLOW UP CONCEP, P235
[10]   Prevalence, correlates, and trajectory of television viewing among infants and toddlers [J].
Certain, LK ;
Kahn, RS .
PEDIATRICS, 2002, 109 (04) :634-642