Wide-band E-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications

This paper presents a novel single-patch wide-band microstrip antenna: the E-shaped patch antenna. Two parallel slots are incorporated into the patch of a microstrip antenna to expand it bandwidth. The wide-band mechanism is explored by investigating the behavior of the currents on the patch. The slot length, width, and position are optimized to achieve a wide bandwidth, The validity of the design concept is demonstrated by two examples with 21.2% and 32.3% bandwidths, Finally, a 30.3% E-shaped patch antenna, resonating at wireless communication frequencies of 1.9 and 2.1 GHz, is designed, fabricated, and measured. The radiation pattern and directivity are also presented.