Use of capillary gas chromatography with negative ion-chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of perfluorocarbon tracers in the atmosphere

A sensitive and selective technique for the quantitative measurement of atmospheric perfluorocarbon trace species at the sub part per quadrillion (10(-15)) levels is presented. The method utilizes advances in adsorbent enrichment techniques coupled with benchtop capillary gas chromatography and negative ion-chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The development and enhancement of sampling technology for tracer experiments is described, and the results from background measurements and a preliminary field experiment are presented. The overall precision of the analytical method with respect to the preferred tracer for these atmospheric transport studies, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, was +/-1.7%. The background concentrations of perfluorodimethylcyclobutane, perfluoromethyleyclopentane, and perfluoromethylcyclohexane at a remote coastal location (Mace Head, Ireland, 53 degreesN, 10 degreesW) were found to be 2.5 (+/-0.4), 6.8 (+/-1.0), and 5.2fL.L-1 (+/-1.3), respectively. Background concentrations within an urban conurbation (Bristol, U.K.) were slightly greater at 3.0 (+/-1.5), 8.1 (+/-1.8), and 6.3 fL L-1 (+/-1.1), respectively.