Diamond-like carbon film deposited on nitrided 316L stainless steel substrate: A hardness depth-profile modeling

Adhesion and hardness of Diamond-Like Carbon films are improved by nitriding of the steel substrate prior to PVD deposition. Since the mechanical properties of the nitrided steel layer are not homogeneous, i.e. a significant hardness decrease is observed in the upper nitrided layer close to the surface, an outer surface layer of similar to 15 mu m is removed prior to the film deposition. In the present work, a 316L stainless steel substrate is nitrided in a cyanide-cyanate solution at 570 degrees C during 3 h. The coated system involved the deposition of a hydrogenated, amorphous carbon (a-C:H) solid lubricant of similar to 2 mu m including a chromium carbide interlayer. The comparison between the hardness behavior of the DLC/steel and the DLC/nitrided steel systems reveals the existence of a very important hardness gap, which highlights the benefit of the nitriding treatment prior to coating deposition. In addition, the microhardness-depth profile is determined from a load-depth curve, by applying a simple hardness model. The predicted change in hardness is found to be in a very good agreement with the experimental profile, which allows the hardness determination both in the white layer and in the diffusion zone over similar to 30 mu m in total depth. However, only the composite hardness modeling allows the accurate determination of the intrinsic hardness of the film. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.